Russian Federation
Treatment of diabetes is based on a strict control of glucose, blood pressure and lipid spectrum. However even optimal pharmacotherapy does not exclude significant risk of complications. Physiotherapy offers a set of non-pharmacological interventions capable to influence the key pathologic processes in diabetes mellitus.
diabetic polyneuropathy, physiotherapy, laser therapy, magnetic therapy, electrotherapy
1. Worldwide trends in diabetes prevalence and treatment from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 1108 population-representative studies with 141 million participants // Lancet. – 2024; Nov 23; 404(10467):2077-2093. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02317-1
2. Shestakova M.V., Severina A.S. Sosudistye oslozhneniya saharnogo diabeta v mire i v Rossii: put' dlinoyu v 100 let // Terapevticheskiy arhiv. – 2023; 95(12):1039–1043. Doi:https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2023.12.202498
3. Finnerup N.B., Kuner R., Jensen T.S. Neuropathic pain: from mechanisms to treatment // Physiol Rev. – 2021; 101(1):259–301. Doihttps://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00045.2019
4. Deng Y., Luo L., Hu Y., Fang K., Liu J. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of neuropathic pain: a systematic review // BMC Anesthesiol. – 2016; 16:12. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-015- 0150-5
5. Finnerup N.B., Attal N., Haroutounian S. et al. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis // Lancet Neurol. – 2015; 14(2):162–173. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474- 4422(14)70251-0
6. Sayed D., Deer T.R., Hagedorn J.M. et al. A systematic guideline by the ASPN workgroup on the evidence, education, and treatment algorithm for painful diabetic neuropathy: SWEET // J Pain Res. – 2024; 17:1461–1501. Doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S451006
7. Anju M., Saleena Ummer V., Arun G. Maiya, Manjunath Hande. Low level laser therapy for the patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy – A systematic review // Diabetes Metab Syndr. – 2019 Jul–Aug; 13(4):2667–2670. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.035
8. Hrishikesh Yadav Korada, Esha Arora, Gundmi Arun Maiya et al. Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Neuropathic Pain, Nerve Conduction and Plantar Pressure Distribution in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy – A Systematic Review // Curr Diabetes Rev. – 2023; 19(9):e290422204244. Doi:https://doi.org/10.2174/1573399818666220429085256
9. Maiya G.A., Radhika Aditya Jadhav, Hrishikesh Yadav K. et al. Effect of Novel Laser Shoe Photobiomodulation on Neuropathic Pain and Plantar Pressure Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Peripheral Neuropathy // Curr Diabetes Rev. – 2025; 21(3):1–6. Doi:https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998244000231106040749
10. Yosifova Lili, Vladeva Evgeniya, Siderova Mira et al. Is photobiomodulation an effective non- pharmacological complement to the treatment of diabetic neuropathy – a randomized, placebo-controlled trial // J. of Imab. – 2025 Apr–Jun; 31(2):6171–6178.
11. Fan X., Yan G., Cao J., Zhao Y., Wang Y., Wang X. et al. Effectiveness and safety of photobiomodulation therapy in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Protocol for a systematic review and meta- analysis // PLoS ONE. – 2024; 19(8): e0308537. https: // doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308537
12. Morozov A.M., Sorokovikova T.V., Zhukov S.V. i dr. Diabeticheskaya distal'naya polineyropatiya: profilaktika, lechenie i reabilitaciya (obzor literatury) // Vestnik medicinskogo instituta "REAVIZ": reabilitaciya, vrach i zdorov'e. – 2022. – № 3(57). – S. 68–77. Doi:https://doi.org/10.20340/vmi-rvz.2022.3.CLIN.4
13. Kuz'minov G.G., Marchenkova L.A., Frolkov V.K. Mezodiencefal'naya modulyaciya v kompleksnoy terapii diabeticheskoy polineyropatii // Fizioterapevt. – 2019. – № 3 (135). – S. 3–9.
14. Mokhtari T., Ren Q., Li N. et al. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Relieving Neuropathic Pain: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. // Curr Pain Headache Rep. – 2020; 24,
15. Al-Zamil M., Minenko I.A., Kulikova N.G. et al. Clinical Experience of High Frequency and Low Frequency TENS in Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathic Pain // Russia Healthcare (Basel). – 2022 Jan 28; 10(2):250. Doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020250
16. Zeng H., Pacheco-Barrios K., Cao Y. et al. Non-invasive neuromodulation effects on painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis // Meta-Analysis Sci Rep. – 2020; 10(1):19184. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75922-9
17. Petersen E.A., Stauss T.G., Scowcroft J.A. et al. Effect of High-frequency (10-kHz) Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy // JAMA Neurol. – 2021 Apr 5; 78(6):687–698. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0538
18. Sergeenko E.Yu., Romashina O.M., Lobysheva A.A., Zhitareva I.V., Barysheva O.V. Sochetannoe primenenie impul'snogo toka nizkoy chastoty i vakuumnogo vozdeystviya v reabilitacii pacientov s diabeticheskoy polineyropatiey // Vestnik vosstanovitel'noy mediciny. – 2019. – № 5 (93). – S. 40–46.
19. Drobyshev V.A., Shpagina L.A., Logacheva G.S., Ryavkin S.Yu., Vlasov A.A. Effektivnost' korrekcii klinicheskih proyavleniy u pacientov s saharnym diabetom 2-go tipa s perifericheskimi neyropatiyami metodom elektroimpul'snoy terapii s biologicheskoy obratnoy svyaz'yu // Sibirskiy medicinskiy vestnik. – 2020. – № 4. – S. 21–26.
20. Kryukov E.V., Frolov D.V., Kulikov A.G. i dr. Novye podhody k reabilitacii pacientov s diabeticheskoy angiopatiey nizhnih konechnostey // Voenno-medicinskiy zhurnal. – 2020. – T.
21. Kul'chickaya D.B., Turova E.A., Konchugova T.V., Kolbahova S.N., Coy A.V. Vliyanie kompleksnogo primeneniya elektroforeza nikotinovoy kisloty i vozdushno-puzyr'kovyh vann na mikrocirkulyaciyu u bol'nyh s diabeticheskoy polineyropatiey // Voprosy kurortologii, fizioterapii i lechebnoy fizicheskoy kul'tury. – 2020. – T. 97. – № 3. – S. 31–34.
22. Tanaka M., Morifuji T., Sugimoto K. et al. Effects of combined treatment with blood flow restriction and low-current electrical stimulation on capillary regression in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats // J Appl Physiol. – 2021; 1219–1229.
23. Kloth L.C. Electrical stimulation for wound healing: a review of evidence from in vitro studies, animal experiments, and clinical trials // Int J Low Extrem Wounds. – 2005; 4: 23–44 [46].
24. Polak A., Franek A., Taradaj J. High-voltage pulsed current electrical stimulation in wound treatment // Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). – 2014; 3:104–117.
25. Melotto G., Tunprasert T., Forss J.R. The effects of electrical stimulation on diabetic ulcers of foot and lower limb: a systematic review // Int Wound J. – 2022. Nov; 19(7):1911–1933. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13762
26. Zheng Y, Du X., Yin L. et al. Effect of electrical stimulation on patients with diabetes-related ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis // BMC Endocr Disord. – 2022; 22: 112.
27. Brown L., Gage E., Cordner H., et al. Safety and Efficacy of Magnetic Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Treating Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Randomized Controlled Trial. // Neuromodulation. - 2025 Dec;28(8):1366-1373. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurom.2025.03.074
28. Leung A., Fallah A., Shukla S. Transcutaneous magnetic stimulation (TMS) in alleviating post- traumatic peripheral neuropathic pain States: a case series // Pain Med. – 2014; 15(7): 1196–1199. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/pme.12426
29. Deer T.R., Eldabe S., Falowski S.M. et al. Peripherally induced reconditioning of the central nervous system: a proposed mechanistic theory for sustained relief of chronic pain with percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation // J Pain Res. – 2021; 14:721–736. Doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S297091
30. Kulikov A.G., Kiseleva O.M. Diabeticheskaya retinopatiya: vozmozhnosti fizioterapii // Medicinskiy vestnik MVD. – 2019. – № 1(98). – S. 55–59.
31. Jannati A., Oberman L.M., Rotenberg A., Pascual-Leone A. Assessing the mechanisms of brain plasticity by transcranial magnetic stimulation // Review Neuropsychopharmacology. – 2023 Jan; 48(1):191–208. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-022-01453-8
32. Xi Xu, Dong-Sheng Xu. Prospects for the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation in diabetic neuropathy // Review Neural Regen Res. – 2021 May; 16(5):955–962. Doi:https://doi.org/10.4103/1673- 5374.297062
33. Seoyon Yang, Sang Gyu Kwak, Gyu-Sik Choi, Min Cheol Chang. Short-term Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain. // Randomized Controlled Trial Pain Physician. – 2022 Mar; 25(2):E203–E209.
34. Bobrov M.P., Ekusheva E.V., Voytenkov V.B., Hozhenko E.V. Perspektivy primeneniya terapevticheskoy transkranial'noy magnitnoy stimulyacii pri diabeticheskoy polineyropatii // RMZh. Medicinskoe obozrenie. – 2023. – T. 7. – № 10. – S. 625–629. Doi:https://doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2023- 7-10-3
35. Kulikov A.G., Baymuratova D.V., Gaydukova T.Yu., Kulikova V.A. Vozmozhnosti obschey magnitoterapii pri boleznyah serdechno-sosudistoy sistemy i saharnom diabete. Sobstvennye issledovaniya i obzor literatury // Medicinskiy vestnik MVD. – 2025. – T. 136, № 3(136). – S. 59–62. Doi:https://doi.org/10.52341/20738080_2025_136_3_59



